{"id":9146,"date":"2020-02-06T08:21:15","date_gmt":"2020-02-06T14:21:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/iaf.care\/?p=9146"},"modified":"2022-12-14T10:37:17","modified_gmt":"2022-12-14T16:37:17","slug":"oxidative-stress-the-beginning-of-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iaf.care\/oxidative-stress-the-beginning-of-disease\/","title":{"rendered":"Oxidative Stress The Beginning of Disease"},"content":{"rendered":"

In all living organisms, including humans, takes place a delicate equilibrium between the production and the elimination \u2013 by antioxidant defense system \u2013 of the so-called \u201cfree radicals\u201d. The breaking of this balance, frequently named \u201coxidative stress\u201d, may induce cellular damage with differencing degrees of severity, leading ultimately, over time, to early aging and to many diseases.<\/span><\/p>\n

Oxidative stress<\/a> is a pathological condition triggered by the damaging action on the cells and tissues of the body, caused by abnormally increased amounts of free radicals. Free radicals are single or grouped atoms having at least one external orbital \u201coccupied\u201d by one single electron \u201cunpaired\u201d instead of a couple of electrons \u201clone pair\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

The body, even in normal conditions, produces a defined amount of free radicals, due to the <\/span>physiological cell metabolism. Additionally, the following items are additional free-radical sources that contribute to oxidative stress:<\/span><\/p>\n

Etiology<\/strong> - Examples<\/span><\/p>\n

Environment factors<\/strong> - Radiations - Pollution<\/span><\/p>\n

Physiological status<\/strong> - Physical Stress - Pregnancy\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Life-style<\/strong> - Bad food, alcohol, cigarette smoke, inadequate exercise<\/span><\/p>\n

Psychological factors<\/strong>\u00a0 - Emotional stress\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Diseases<\/strong>\u00a0 - Trauma, inflammation, infection, vascular diseases, cancer<\/span><\/p>\n

Iatrogenic factors\u00a0<\/strong> - Drugs, radio-therapy, radiological exams<\/span><\/p>\n

In a healthy condition, the body is able to prevent free radicals because of the natural defense system of antioxidants, which by the name indicates the ability of these agents to counteract the oxidant action of free radicals.<\/span><\/p>\n

Over time a build-up of free radicals is potentially dangerous because they have a spontaneous tendency to fill their unfilled external orbital with a second electron. This then creates a very powerful hydroxyl radical (HO-), one of the most dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hydroxyl radicals can \u201cattack\u201d every kind of molecule (including carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, and so on). As a consequence of this action, every molecule loses an electron and becomes, in turn, a radical.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Oxidative Stress on the Biological System<\/h2>\n

\"Oxidative<\/a><\/p>\n

Oxidative stress<\/a>, being a merely biochemical condition, generally doesn\u2019t exhibit any specific clinical symptoms nor clinical signs. Therefore it will remain unknown, with unavoidable damage to the patient, until the clinician suspects its existence and decides to perform on the patient-specific biochemical tests.<\/span><\/p>\n

Some of the most common diseases that are associated with a condition of oxidative stress:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

1.Aceruloplasminemia<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Acute and chronic alcoholic liver diseases<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Acute autoimmune myocarditis<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Acute chest syndrome of sickle cell disease<\/span><\/p>\n

5. Acute pancreatitis<\/span><\/p>\n

6. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome<\/span><\/p>\n

7. Alcoholic liver disease<\/span><\/p>\n

8. Alzheimer\u2019s disease<\/span><\/p>\n

9. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis<\/span><\/p>\n

10. Arterial\/systemic hypertension<\/span><\/p>\n

11. Asbestosis<\/span><\/p>\n

12. Asthma<\/span><\/p>\n

13. Ataxia telangiectasia<\/span><\/p>\n

14. Atherosclerosis<\/span><\/p>\n

15. Atopic dermatitis<\/span><\/p>\n

16. Brain ischemia<\/span><\/p>\n

17. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia<\/span><\/p>\n

18. Burns<\/span><\/p>\n

19. Cancer (several kinds)<\/span><\/p>\n

20. Cardiopulmonary bypass<\/span><\/p>\n

21. Cardiovascular diseases<\/span><\/p>\n

22. Cataract<\/span><\/p>\n

23. Cellulitis<\/span><\/p>\n

24. Chemotherapy side-effect<\/span><\/p>\n

25. Chronic fatigue syndrome<\/span><\/p>\n

26. Chronic hepatitis C<\/span><\/p>\n

27. Chronic kidney disease<\/span><\/p>\n

28. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease<\/span><\/p>\n

29. Chronic renal failure<\/span><\/p>\n

30. Colitis<\/span><\/p>\n

31. Coronary artery disease<\/span><\/p>\n

32. Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease<\/span><\/p>\n

33. Crohn disease<\/span><\/p>\n

34. Cutaneous leishmaniasis<\/span><\/p>\n

35. Cystic fibrosis<\/span><\/p>\n

36. Diabetes mellitus type 1<\/span><\/p>\n

37. Diabetes mellitus type 2<\/span><\/p>\n

38. Dislipidemia<\/span><\/p>\n

39. Down\u2019s syndrome<\/span><\/p>\n

40. Eclampsia<\/span><\/p>\n

41. End-stage renal disease<\/span><\/p>\n

42. Erectile dysfunction<\/span><\/p>\n

43. Friedreich ataxia<\/span><\/p>\n

44. Heart failure<\/span><\/p>\n

45. Helicobacter pylori infection\/<\/span><\/p>\n

inflammation<\/span><\/p>\n

46. Hemodialysis<\/span><\/p>\n

47. Hepatic cirrhosis<\/span><\/p>\n

48. Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection<\/span><\/p>\n

49. Huntington disease<\/span><\/p>\n

50. Hyperbaric diseases<\/span><\/p>\n

51. Hypercholesterolemia<\/span><\/p>\n

52. Hyperhomocysteinemia<\/span><\/p>\n

53. Hyperlipidemia<\/span><\/p>\n

54. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis<\/span><\/p>\n

55. Interstitial lung disease<\/span><\/p>\n

56. Ischemia\/Reperfusion injury<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

57. Juvenile chronic arthritis<\/span><\/p>\n

58. Kidney transplantation<\/span><\/p>\n

59. Leukaemia<\/span><\/p>\n

60. Lung cancer<\/span><\/p>\n

61. Lung injury<\/span><\/p>\n

62. Macular degeneration<\/span><\/p>\n

63. Male infertility<\/span><\/p>\n

64. M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s syndrome<\/span><\/p>\n

65. Meningitis<\/span><\/p>\n

66. Mild cognitive impairment<\/span><\/p>\n

67. Multiple sclerosis<\/span><\/p>\n

68. Myelodisplastic syndromes<\/span><\/p>\n

69. Myocardial infarction<\/span><\/p>\n

70. Myocarditis<\/span><\/p>\n

71. Neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia<\/span><\/p>\n

72. Obesity<\/span><\/p>\n

73. Osteoarthritis<\/span><\/p>\n

74. Osteoporosis<\/span><\/p>\n

75. Pancreatitis<\/span><\/p>\n

76. Parkinsonisms<\/span><\/p>\n

77. Parkinson\u2019s disease<\/span><\/p>\n

78. Periodontal disease<\/span><\/p>\n

79. Peritoneal dialysis<\/span><\/p>\n

80. Photoageing<\/span><\/p>\n

81. Preeclampsia<\/span><\/p>\n

82. Primary biliary cirrhosis<\/span><\/p>\n

83. Professional bronchopulmonary diseases<\/span><\/p>\n

84. Progeria<\/span><\/p>\n

85. Psoriasis<\/span><\/p>\n

86. Psoriatic arthritis<\/span><\/p>\n

87. Pulmonary hypertension<\/span><\/p>\n

88. Radiotherapy side effects<\/span><\/p>\n

89. Reactive arthritis<\/span><\/p>\n

90. Renal cell carcinoma<\/span><\/p>\n

91. Respiratory distress syndrome<\/span><\/p>\n

92. Retinopathy of prematurity<\/span><\/p>\n

93. Retrolenticolar fibroplasy*<\/span><\/p>\n

94. Rheumatic disease<\/span><\/p>\n

95. Rheumatoid arthritis<\/span><\/p>\n

96. Sarcoidosis<\/span><\/p>\n

97. Sepsis<\/span><\/p>\n

98. Sickle cell disease<\/span><\/p>\n

99. Sleep apnea<\/span><\/p>\n

100. Spherocytosis<\/span><\/p>\n

101. Spinal cord injury<\/span><\/p>\n

102. Stroke<\/span><\/p>\n

103. Synucleinopathies<\/span><\/p>\n

104. Systemic amyloidosis<\/span><\/p>\n

105. Systemic lupus erythematosus<\/span><\/p>\n

106. Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)<\/span><\/p>\n

107. Thrombophilia<\/span><\/p>\n

108. Tauopathies<\/span><\/p>\n

109. Tuberculosis<\/span><\/p>\n

110. Unstable angina<\/span><\/p>\n

111. Uremia<\/span><\/p>\n

112. Venous insufficiency<\/span><\/p>\n

113. Werner syndrome<\/span><\/p>\n

114. Zellweger syndrome<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Oxidative stress is not a \u201cdisease\u201d, according to the traditional sense of this word. Indeed, oxidative stress is the unwanted effect of the breakdown of a biochemical equilibrium. Therefore it can impact, often deceitfully, upon the onset and\/or the course of several basic diseases. Oxidative stress, as it is not a classical disease, does not exhibit a specific clinical picture, but it hides behind the symptoms and the signs of the basic disease.<\/span><\/p>\n

Before suggesting any supplementation, every clinician should try to identify and remove <\/span>the possible cause responsible for the increased production of free radicals. The wide variety of oxidants responsible for oxidative stress and their ubiquitous distribution into the body implies the necessity to have a formula with a wide and complete spectrum of actions.<\/span><\/p>\n

The complexity of redox networks and redox regulation is being revealed step by step, yet much still needs to be learned. Detailed knowledge of the molecular patterns generated from the principles of the redox code under defined physiological or pathological conditions in cells and organs will contribute to understanding the redox component in health and disease. Ultimately, there is a scientific basis for modern redox medicine through the prevention of disease in the form of a Redox Generator to reduce oxidative stress.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In all living organisms, including humans, takes place a delicate equilibrium between the production and the elimination \u2013 by antioxidant defense system \u2013 of the so-called \u201cfree radicals\u201d. The breaking of this balance, frequently named \u201coxidative stress\u201d, may induce cellular damage with differencing degrees of severity, leading ultimately, over time, to early aging and to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":9088,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,19],"tags":[51,48,50,49],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iaf.care\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9146"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iaf.care\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iaf.care\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iaf.care\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iaf.care\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9146"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/iaf.care\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9146\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10129,"href":"https:\/\/iaf.care\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9146\/revisions\/10129"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iaf.care\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9088"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iaf.care\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9146"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iaf.care\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9146"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iaf.care\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9146"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}